[Top Answer] MATH225N – Week 1 Assignment Evidence, Claims and Study Types

Description

Week 1 – Introduction to Statistics

 

Week	Assignments	Due Date
Week 1	Introduction Forum (Not graded by required)	Suggested Due Date: Wednesday of Week 1
	Graded Discussion	Suggested Due Date— Initial Post:  Wednesday of Week 1   Due Date— Responses:  Sunday of Week 1 [Have two posts on two different days]
	Knewton Homework Assignments Evidence, Claims and Study Types (Section 1.4) Variable and Measures of Data (Section 1.3) Sampling Methods (Section 1.2) Comparing Sampling Methods (Section 1.2)	Sunday of Week 1

 

Week 1 Assignment Evidence, Claims and Study Types

Objectives

1.1 Evidence, Claims and Study Types

• Identify and describe the steps in the statistical analysis process
• Determine whether a study is observational or an experiment and appropriate use cases
• Identify components of the experimental design in a given experiment: use of a control group, use of a placebo, and blinding

Activity 1

Question

A biologist is interested in finding the relationship between the amount of sunlight and the growth rate of sunflowers. Would an experimental or observational study design be more appropriate?

• An experimental study should be used with the growth rate of the sunflowers as the controlled factor.
• An observational study should be used because the amount of sunlight cannot be controlled.
• An experimental study should be used with the amount of sunlight as the controlled factor.
• An observational study should be used because the growth rate cannot be controlled.

Answer

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Activity 2

Question

In a study to add a new feature to a software program, the programmer introduced two categories, men and women, in the survey she conducted. Is the study observational or experimental? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor?

• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the feature to be added in the software.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the category, men or women.
• The study is an observational study.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the survey.

Answer

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Activity 3

Question

In a psychological study aimed at testing a medicine for reducing stress levels, the researcher grouped the participants into 2 groups and gave the stress-reduction pill to one group and a placebo pill to another group. In the description of the above situation, determine the experimental group.

Select the correct answer below:

• The group that received the stress-reduction pill is the experimental group.
• The group that received the placebo pill is the experimental group.
• Both the groups are experimental groups.
• Neither group is an experimental group.

Answer

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Activity 4

Question

A study was performed with a random sample of 200 people from one college. What population would be appropriate for generalizing conclusions from the study, assuming the data collection methods used did not introduce biases?

• The conclusions should apply to all people in the same country.
• The conclusions should apply to all people within the same city as the college.
• The conclusions should apply to people at that particular college.
• The conclusions should apply to people at any college.
• The conclusions apply only to the sample.

Answer

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Activity 5

Question

In the description of the following experiment, determine the experimental factor.

A research team is testing a product that will minimize wrinkles among older adults. Volunteers in the age group of 40 to 45 are included in the research. The research team gives a cream to be applied on the face to one group and a placebo cream to the other group.

Select the correct answer below:

• the average number of wrinkles in each group
• the group receiving the active cream
• the type of cream given to each group
• the average reduction in wrinkles for each group

Answer

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Activity 6

Question

Is a survey of the guests about their preference of food at a party an observational study or experimental study? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor?

• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the kitty party.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the food.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the survey.
• The study is an observational study.

Answer

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Activity 7

Question

In a survey conducted to find out the feedback of a sports program organized in a club, the organizers asked the respondents to classify their feedback as good, fair, poor, and bad. Is the study observational or experimental? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor?

Select the correct answer below:

• The study is an observational study.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the feedback.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the ratings.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the respondents.

Answer

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Activity 8

Question

In the description of the following experiment, determine the experimental factor. A team of physicians testing a new liquid drug taken using an inhaler for treating colds gave the drug to one group of volunteers enrolled for the test. They gave the other group water using the same kind of inhaler.

Select the correct answer below:

• whether or not the subject’s cold was cured
• the type of liquid received by each group
• the new liquid drug
• all of the people in the study

Answer

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Activity 9

Question

A researcher wants to evaluate the effect of using Facebook on happiness. Would an experimental or observational study design be more appropriate?

Select the correct answer below:

• An experimental study should be used with the use of Facebook as the controlled factor.
• An experimental study should be used with happiness as the controlled factor.
• An observational study should be used because it is not possible to control the use of Facebook.
• An observational study should be used because it is not possible to control happiness.

Answer

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Activity 10

Question

In the description of the following experiment, determine the experimental factor. During a study testing a new vaccine for Zika virus, the research team grouped the volunteers enrolled for the test into Group A and Group B. Group A received an inert drug (placebo) while Group B received the vaccine.

Select the correct answer below:

• whether or not a person contracts the Zika virus
• the effectiveness of the new vaccine
• the drug received by each group
• the group receiving the new vaccine

Answer

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Activity 11

Question

A study was performed with a random sample of 513 bolts produced at one factory. What population would be appropriate for generalizing conclusions from the study, assuming the data collection methods used did not introduce biases?

Select the correct answer below:

• The conclusions would apply to all bolts produced by that factory.
• The conclusions would apply to all bolts produced by any factory run by the same company.
• The conclusions would apply to all bolts of the same type produced by any manufacturer.
• The conclusions apply only to the bolts in the sample.

Answer

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Activity 12

Question

A researcher is interested in the effects of watching videos just before bed on the quality of sleep. He has decided to test the claim “Watching 1 hour of video just before going to bed reduces the number of minutes of REM sleep by more than 10%. ” Which of the following data collection processes would be appropriate? Select only one answer choice.

Select the correct answer below:

• Choose a random sample of people and ask them how many hours of video they watched last night and how much REM sleep they had.
• Choose a random sample of people. Randomly select half of them and have them watch one hour of video just before going to bed, and then monitor their sleep. Have the other half not watch any video and monitor their sleep.
• Choose a random sample of people. On multiple randomly selected nights, randomly assign each person to either watch one hour of video or not watch video and monitor their sleep.
• Choose a random sample of people. On multiple randomly selected nights, measure the amount of video they watch and monitor their sleep.

Answer

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Activity 13

Question

A researcher is interested in the effects of watching videos just before bed on the quality of sleep. Which of the following claims would be appropriate for this situation? Select only one answer choice.

Select the correct answer below:

• Watching videos just before bed reduces quality of sleep.
• More than 60% of people watch videos just before going to bed.
• Watching 1 hour of video just before going to bed reduces the number of minutes of REM sleep by more than 10%.
• Watching 1 hour of video just before going to bed reduces the quality of sleep.

Answer

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Activity 14

Question

In a study to add a new feature to a software program, the programmer introduced two categories, men and women, in the survey she conducted. Is the study observational or experimental? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor?

Select the correct answer below:

• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the feature to be added in the software.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the category, men or women.
• The study is an observational study.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the survey.

Answer

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Activity 15

Question

A farmer divided his land into 2 groups of sections randomly. There is no difference in the quality of the soil between the 2 groups of land. He used Type A seeds in the first group and Type B seeds in the second group. After 3 months, the heights of the crops are measured across the two groups of land sections. Is the study observational or experimental? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor?

• The study is an observational study.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the seed type.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the land.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the growth of the crops.

Answer

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Activity 16

Question

A consumer research company is interested in determining if a certain company’s new refrigerator model is more efficient than the older model. Researchers decide to investigate the claim that the new model uses 10% less electricity than the older model for the same cooling load. To collect data, the company obtains 20 random refrigerators for each model. They are all placed in one building well separated from each other and are loaded with 50 bottles of water. The electricity usage is monitored for one month. How can the results be generalized?

Select the correct answer below:

• The conclusions should be applicable to any unit of the new model as compared to any unit of the old model.
• The conclusions should be applicable to all refrigerators made by the same manufacturer.
• The conclusions only apply to the sample that was obtained for the new models as compared to the sample that was obtained for the old model.
• The conclusions should be valid for new model refrigerators from any manufacturer.

Answer

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Activity 17

Question

A study was performed with a random sample of 5 people from a certain city. What population would be appropriate for generalizing conclusions from the study, assuming the data collection methods used did not introduce biases?

Select the correct answer below:

• The conclusions should be restricted to only the city that was sampled.
• The conclusions are generalizable to all people on Earth.
• The conclusions are generalizable to all people in the country.
• The conclusions apply only to the sample.
• The conclusions apply to people in any city.

Answer

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Activity 18

Question

In a study to support drug discovery for patients with lung cancer, patients were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of the disease. Smoking and alcohol consumption habits were recorded for all 3 groups. Is this an example of an observational study or experimental study?

Select the correct answer below:

• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the smoking and alcohol consumption habits.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the severity of the disease.
• The study is an observational study.
• The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is whether or not the person has lung cancer.

Answer

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Activity 19

Question

A study is planned to research the effects of drinking coffee on hours of sleep. Would an experimental or observational study design be more appropriate?

Select the correct answer below:

• An observational study should be used because it is not possible to control whether or not a person drinks coffee.
• An observational study should be used because it is not possible to control the number of hours of sleep a person has.
• An experimental study should be used where the consumption of coffee is the experimental factor.
• An experimental study should be used where the number of hours of sleep is the experimental factor.

Answer

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Activity 20

Question

In the description of the following experiment, determine the experimental factor. A research team is testing a paste form of a drug to alleviate inflammation. Participants are grouped into Team A and Team B. Team A receives the paste form of the drug. Team B receives a similar paste with no active ingredients.

Select the correct answer below:

• Team A and Team B
• the kind of paste received
• the paste with the active ingredient
• whether or not the paste helps the inflammation

Answer

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Activity 21

Question

In the description of the following experiment, determine the experimental factor. A pharmaceutical company conducted an experiment to test a breakfast drink for school children. The company enrolled students for the experiment in the age group of 6 to 10 and divided them into two groups. One group received the new breakfast drink with their normal breakfast, and the other group drank the same amount of a similar looking juice. Identify the experimental factor.

Select the correct answer below:

• the amount of drink given to each group
• the students in the two groups
• the students who received the new breakfast drink
• the type of drink given to each group

Answer

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Activity 22

Question

In the description of the following experiment, determine the experimental factor.

A research team is testing a product that will minimize wrinkles among older adults. Volunteers in the age group of 40 to 45 are included in the research. The research team gives a cream to be applied on the face to one group and a placebo cream to the other group.

Select the correct answer below:

• the average number of wrinkles in each group
• the group receiving the active cream
• the type of cream given to each group
• the average reduction in wrinkles for each group

Answer

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Activity 23

Question

A biologist is interested in finding the relationship between the amount of sunlight and the growth rate of sunflowers. Would an experimental or observational study design be more appropriate?

Select the correct answer below:

• An experimental study should be used with the growth rate of the sunflowers as the controlled factor.
• An observational study should be used because the amount of sunlight cannot be controlled.
• An experimental study should be used with the amount of sunlight as the controlled factor.
• An observational study should be used because the growth rate cannot be controlled.

Answer

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Activity 24

Question

A candy manufacturer is interested in the distribution of colors in each of its packages of candy sold. What should the researchers do first?

• Write a question about the distribution of colors in each package.
• Choose a random sample of candy packages to analyze.
• Make some initial conclusions about the distribution of the colors.
• Make some initial conclusions about the colors most people want.

Answer

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