Europe´s Relations with the World (733A47)

Linköping University

Choose one of the essay questions below and answer it in 1,500 words. This is an examination so your responses should follow the conventions of academic writing drawing from course-related literature.

Question 1

Critically analyse the relationship between EU development policy and trade, focussing on the use of conditionality. Has this relationship between these policy areas and the use of conditionality changed over time and what are the consequences of this?  Select a case to highlight this (this can NEITHER be the same as you used in the seminar NOR the Banana Wars). 

Use the course literature as your point of departure and include additional sources for the selected case where necessary.

Question 2

“Orientalism is never far from what Denis Hay has called the idea of Europe, a collective notion identifying “us” Europeans as against all “those” non-Europeans, and indeed it can be argued that the major component in European culture is precisely what made that culture hegemonic both in and outside Europe: the idea of European identity as a superior one in comparison with all the non-European peoples and cultures.” (Said, Orientalism, 7)

Discuss Said’s statement critically. Can we think of other dynamics of identity at work in the European (EU if you like) context?

“Discuss critically” should be interpreted as making an independent but validated argument. In order to do this, you need to refer both to relevant parts of the course literature and additional sources.

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Additional questions for your revision and recollection of the course.

Question 3 – EU and the Developing World (Seminar 1)

Focusing on Free choice EU-fisheries agreements, cacao agreements, banana wars etc.

(Imagine this as a role-play scenario then identify the actors e.g countries, governments, corporations, international organizations and develop a presentation answering the questions below)

1.  Who are the actors/interests in these agreements?

2.  Who, within the European Union is being benefitted by this agreement? Countries, sectors, groups of population or groups of interest? 

3.  What are the consequences of these agreements for the developing countries in question? Who gets the benefits (governments, sectors of the population). 

4.  What is the environmental sustainability of these agreements? According to whom? 

5.  Are these agreements compatible with the human rights and democracy clauses that most EU’s association agreements with developing countries contain?

6.  What would be the alternative to such an agreement? 

Question 4 –  Europe and the Other: Said and his Critics (Seminar 2)

Discuss Said’s work on Orientalism critically, focusing on two issues:

• The general validity of Said’s perspective and analysis.

• The relevance of Said’s perspective for understanding Europe’s relations with the World.

Question 5 – The Future of Europe’s relations with the world (Seminar 3)

Make a 10-15 PPT presentation addressing the following question;

What can and should be the EU’s role in the world?

Recommended Readings for Europe´s Relations with the World (733A47)

Below are readings from which you can draw your arguments for the questions above.

Lecture 1: EU and the developing world: trade, development, human rights, and democracy:  

Readings: 

Holland, Martin and Doidge, Mathew (2012) Development Policy of the European Union, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan

Articles:

Broberg, M. 2013. From colonial power to human rights promoter: on the legal regulation of the European Union’s relations with the developing countries. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 26(4), 675-687.  

Clairzier, P. 2011. Paths to Development through Trade: EU-Led Trade Liberalization vs South–South Cooperation.  Socialism and Democracy, 25(2),64 -80.  

Lecture 2: EU and the developing world: relations with Latin America and the Middle East

Readings: 

Gratius, S. 2011. EU Democracy Promotion in Latin America: More a Tradition than a Policy. European Foreign Affairs Review,16(5), 689–703.  

Garcia, M. J. (2016). EU trade relations with Latin America: Results and challenges in implementing the EU-Colombia/Peru Trade Agreement. Brussels: European Parliament Committee on International Trade. 

Muller, P. (2011). EU Foreign Policymaking and the Middle East Conflict. The Europeanization of National Foreign Policy. London: Routledge.

Tocci, N. (2005).  The Widening Gap between Rhetoric and Reality in EU Policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. CEPS Working Document No. 217/January 2005. https://www.ceps.eu/ceps-publications/widening-gap-between-rhetoric-and-reality-eu-policy-towards-israeli-palestinian/

Lecture 3: EU and the developing world: A gender perspective:

Readings:

Allwood G 2013 ” Gender mainstreaming and policy coherence for development: unintended gender consequences and EU policy. Women’s studies International Forum 39. PP 42-52. Doi: 10.1016/j.wsif.2013.01.008

Debusscher, P. (2011). Mainstreaming gender in European Commission development policy: Conservative Europeanness?, Women’s Studies International Forum, Volume 34, Issue 1. PP 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2010.10.001.

Policy Department for Citizen’s Rights and Constitutional Affairs (2016). Gender Equality in Trade Agreements
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/571388/IPOL_STU(2016)571388_EN.pdf

On gender Equality on EU treaties. EU parliament’s resolution. March 2018. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-8-2018-0023_EN.pdf

Recommended:

Barhi, A. (2020). Mainstreaming Gender Considerations in Free Trade Agreements: “Building Back Better” in Post-COVID-19 World.  WTO.  http://wtochairs.org/mexico/research/mainstreaming-gender-considerations-free-trade-agreements-building-back-better-post

How to transforms EU trade policy to protect women’s rights, WIDE + position paper: https://wideplusnetwork.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/eu_trade_gender_policy_wide _final.pdf

Debusscher, P. (2012). Gender Mainstreaming in European Union Development Policy toward Latin America: Transforming Gender Relations or Confirming Hierarchies?. Latin American Perspectives 39(6), 181-197. Doi: 10.1177/0094582X12458423

Divisions of the World and the Politics of European Identity

Books

Said, Edward, W., Orientalism (1978), available in several editions and from different publishers.

Articles

Camia, Valeria (2010), ”Normative discussions on European identity: a puzzle for social science?”, Perspectives On European Politics And Society, April 2010, Vol. 11(1), pp. 109-118.

Emerson, Michael (2011), “Just Good Friends? The European Union’s Multiple Neighbourhood Policies”, The International Spectator, Vol. 46:4, pp. 45-62.

Ferreira Nunes, Isabel (2011), “Civilian, Normative, and Ethical Power Europe: Role Claims and EU Discourses”, European Foreign Affairs Review, Vol. 16, pp. 1-20.

Guibernau, Montserrat (2011), “Prospects for a European identity”, International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, June 2011, Vol. 24 (1-2), pp. 3143.

Halliday, Fred (1993), “‘Orientalism’ and its critics”, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 20 (2), ), pp. 145-163.

Hamdi, Tahrir Khalil (2013), “Edward Said and Recent Orientalist Critiques”, Arab Studies Quarterly, Vol. 35 (2), pp. 130-148.

Huntington, Samuel P. (1993), ”The Clash of Civilizations?”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72:3, Summer 1993, pp. 22-49.

Manners, Ian (2002), “Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?”, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 40:2, pp. 235-58.

Morozov, Viatcheslav & Bahar Rumelili (2012), “The external constitution of European identity: Russia and Turkey as Europe-makers”, Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 47 (1), pp. 28-48.

Schumacher, Tobias (2015). “Uncertainty at the EU’s borders: narratives of EU external relations in the revised European Neighbourhood Policy towards the southern borderlands”. European Security, 24(3), pp. 381-401.

Subotic, Jelena (2011), ”Europe is a state of mind: identity and Europeanization in the Balkans”, International Studies Quarterly, June 2011, Vol. 55(2), pp. 309-330.

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