A general example of a person to person bacterial disease is Cholera. Cholera is caused by the pathogen named vibrio cholerae (Taylor et. al., 2015). It is primarily spread through contaminated water or food and results in acute dehydration and diarrhea. Cholera, from an epidemiology perspective is dangerous especially to communities without clean drinking water as well as those with improper sanitation (Taylor et. al., 2015).The vulnerability to cholera outbreak is exacerbated by disasters such as flooding, earthquakes or war.

An example of an outbreak from a respiratory illness by the CDC is whooping cough. The most recent case of Whooping cough that occurred in the United States was in year 2012 where a total of 48,277 cases were reported (Cdc.gov, 2020). The CDC however cautions that whooping cough is a much common phenomenon in the US. Globally, each year there are 24.1 million cases of whooping cough and 160,700 deaths from the same disease. The scientific name for Whooping cough is Pertussis and it is caused by a bacterium called Bordetella pertussis. The bacterial pathogens attach to the upper part of respiratory system and release toxins that cause the airways to swell. According to the CDC, pertussis is had to track and monitor since its symptoms are often common to other respiratory pathogens (Cdc.gov, 2020). The bacteria is transmitted from one person to another through coughing or sneezing and while it can be mitigated by antibiotics in adults, it can be fatal to babies.

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In order to reduce the impact of pertussis, individuals should get vaccinated (with DPT) as this helps reduce the adversity of the pathogens on the body. Second, infected individuals should avoid babies and women in their third trimester of a pregnancy as the pathogens are life-threatening to infants. Other high-risk groups that should be avoided are individual already susceptible to respiratory conditions such as asthma patients.

Reference

Cdc.gov. 2020. Pertussis | Whooping Cough | Outbreaks | CDC. [online] Available at: <https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/outbreaks.html> [Accessed 24 April 2020].

Taylor, D. L., Kahawita, T. M., Cairncross, S., & Ensink, J. H. (2015). The impact of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to control cholera: a systematic review. PLoS one, 10(8).

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